Ravindra Primbon

Now, We will learn about Direct and Indirect speech...

Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

Indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech

Direct speech   :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.

Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema.

TENSE CHANGE

Present simple
Past tense
direct                    : Vita said “ I eat fried rice”
indirect                 : Vita said that  she ate fried rice.

Past simple
Past perfect
direct                    : Mother said “ I went to market yesterday”
indirect                 : Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

 Future simple
Past future
direct                    : Dave said “ I will buy an i-pod next week’
indirect                 : Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after

Present continuous
Past continuous
direct                    : Gama said “ I’m playing football”
indirect                 : Gama said he was playing football

Past continuous
Past perfect continuous
direct                    : She said “ I was teaching earlier”
indirect                 : She said she had been teaching earlier

when we want to report what someone said , wedon’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

Example  :
my  mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock