Ravindra Primbon

e-primbon for English Task

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FINITE VERBS

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Now I will explain about the finite verbs.
Does one of you who read my blog anyone know about finite verbs?
Do you know about Finite Verbs?
  
Definition:
A form of a verb that shows agreement with a subject and is marked for tense. Contrast with nonfinite verb (or verbal).
If there is just one verb in a sentence, it is finite. Finite verbs are sometimes called tensed verbs.

Examples and Observations:

  • "The reason finite verbs are so important is their unique ability to act as the sentence-root. They can be used as the only verb in the sentence, whereas all the others have to depend on some other word, so finite verbs really stand out."
    (Richard Hudson, An Introduction to Word Grammar. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010)
  • "The base, third person singular, and past tense are finite forms of verbs because they can be contrasted for tense (present and past), and marked for person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) and number (singular and plural).
I drive a car. [1st person, singular, present tense]
he drives a car. [3rd person, singular. present tense]
I/he drove a car. [1st and 3rd person, singular, past tense]
These three forms of the verb paradigm do not require additional helping verbs to express their meanings."
(Bernard T. O'Dwyer, Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position. Broadview Press, 2000)

  • "Finite verbs can be recognized by their form and their position in the sentence. Here are some of the things to look for when you are trying to identify the finite verbs in a sentence:
    1. Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past: cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated. A hundred or so finite verbs do not have these endings [see Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs].
    2. Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of the word to indicate the present when the subject of the verb is third-person singular: cough, he coughs; celebrate, she celebrates. The exceptions are auxiliary verbs like can and must. Remember that nouns can also end in -s. Thus the dog races can refer to a spectator sport or to a fast-moving third-person singular dog.
    3. Finite verbs are often groups of words that include such auxiliary verbs as can, must, have, and be: can be suffering, must eat, will have gone.
    4. Finite verbs usually follow their subjects: He coughs. The documents had compromised him. They will have gone.
    5. Finite verbs surround their subjects when some forms of a question are asked: Is he coughing? Did they celebrate?
(Ronald C. Foote, Cedric Gale, and Benjamin W. Griffith, Essentials of English. Barron's, 2000)
Pronunciation: FI-nite
Verb Terms
Verb Types
Grammar Basics

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MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

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Now I will include lessons on modals verbs in the past form. Hopefully you can understand after reading this.
Happy reading ...




















1. Definition
Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.

Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall


a. Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Aldio : I’m having trouble with math.
Sean : Why don’t you ask Laila ?
             Perhaps she could help you.

b. Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibilities.
Example :
Ekaristi  : Why is Villa taking the bus to get home.
Fiona     : He might get a flat time.

c. Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Andrew   : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Courney  : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore.

d. Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Lucy      : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Nana        : No, Not at all.

e. Should + Verb base
Example :
Nisa : Jonathan , you should go to library now ?
Jonathan : O.k.

Visit this site and this site to more lesson ...
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ASKING FOR INFORMATION

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Look This.!


















That is one example of Asking for information.


 There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

Asking for Information
Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?
We produce marketing materials.
We specialize in art and design.
What are your major products?
What services do you provide?
We produce office machines.
We design software.
We provide technical support.

Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.
This is one of our top brands.
It's our best selling refrigerator.
This one is the best in its class.
We're really pleased with its performance.
It's an excellent computer.
I highly recommend this one.
This model comes with several features.
This particular one has two components.

Information about Price What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?
This (one) sells for $5900.
This one goes for $2900.
This one is priced at $9695.
Construction

Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat

Formula Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.

Formula used only on the telephone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.

Formula used only on the telephone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper


Read more about this lesson !!!
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SURPRISE

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Hi Guys,
Now, I want to give surprise to my mother’s birthday.

You definitely have to understand about how to give surprise.
Well, now you read this horoscope in advance so you understand.



Surprise & Disbelief
A feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression  that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something taht we cant or impossible.
 
To express surprise or disbelief:
  • What a surprise! That’s a surprise!
  • (Well), that’s very surprising!
  • Really?
  • What?
  • Are you serious? You must be joking!
  • You’re kidding!
  • Fancy that!
  • I must say … surprises me.
  • I  find that hard to believe.

Surprising  amazement of something :
  • Fantastic
  • It’s great
  • It’s terrific
  • Wonderful !
  • What a lovely flowers !

Example of expressing  surprise:
A: How can you say that?
B: Well, that’s the fact.
 
Example of expressing  surprise:
A: I can’t believe it!
B: That’s true.


When you got a surprising fact, you can say:
  •   Do you know what?
  •   Believe it or not
  •   You may not believe it, but …
  •   Can you believe this?

You can respond to the surprising fact using these expressions:
  • Really?
  • Are you joking?
  • Oh?
  • Where? Show me.

There are some ways to express surprise :

* Never !
* Oh, no!
* You`re kidding
* What a surprise
* Good heavens
* My goodness 

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INTRODUCTORY IT

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This time, I will work through about Introductory it..
Do you know Introductory It ?


















Explanation
A :     To understand this lesson is easy.
B :     It    is easy to understand this lesson.

•          In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.
•          A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduced mainly to make the meaning of B easier to understand.  

Example of Introductory “it” :
•          To watch musical programs is pleasant.
•          It is pleasant to watch musical program.
•          To play football must be fun.
•          It is fun to play football
THE PLACE FOR “IT”
1. in subject position

• IT + TO BE + ADJECTIVE ………………..
- It is not difficult to understand the lesson.
- It would be nice seeing him again

• IT + TO BE + NOUN ………………………
- It is a pity to spend the money that way
- It is a difficult thing doing everything by yourself

• IT + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE……..
- It became useless to go on
- It appears no good cheating on the test

• IT + VERB + THAT CLAUSE …………….
- It seems that she was sick
- It happened that I was not out of town

2. in object position
• SUBJECT + VERB + IT + ADJECTIVE
- I think it wrong to cheat in the examination
- I found it easy to get the best score for English
THE USES OF “IT”
a) The use of “it” in sentences about time and weather

It Be Noun Phrase
It Is Ten o’clock
It Is saturday


It Be Adjective
It Is Late
It Is Nice today

It Verb
It Rains in the rainy season
It Snows In the winter

b) The use of it in sentences about distance
Example 1

- From Madiun to Ngawi is 500 miles It is 500 miles from Madiun to Ngawi
Example 2
- From here to Matahari Plaza is 200 meters
It is 200 meters from here to Matahari Plaza or
It is 200 meters to Matahari Plaza

c) Another uses of “it”

I. To infinitive(to + V1)
- To understand this lesson is easy This lesson is easy to understand or it is easy to understand this lesson
II. Being /Ving
- Being a good student is important it is important to be a good student
- Playing football is fun it is fun to play football
III. Should
- Parents should take care their children it is important for parents to take care their children

THERE
SINGULAR
• A book is on the table there is a book on the table
• A book was on the table there was a book on the table
PLURAL
• Some books are on the table there are some books on the table
• Some book were on the table there were some books on the table

The expletive “there” has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position)

When the subject is an infinitive phrase, the sentence often begins with it. Instead of saying ‘To find fault with others is easy’, we say, ‘It is easy to find fault with others’.

More examples are given below.
  • It is easy to learn English. (More natural than ‘To learn English is easy’.)
  • It was not easy to understand his motive.
  • It may be advisable to consult a specialist.
  • It could be dangerous to drive so fast.
  • It was pleasant to sit on the beach.
However, when we want to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning especially if it is short.
  • To err is human.
  • To withdraw now will be sheer folly.
When the subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. Instead of saying ‘Your trying to deceive us is no good’, we may say ‘It is no good your trying to deceive us’.
  • Will it be any good my talking to him about it?
  • It is no use arguing with him.
  • It won’t be much good complaining to the officer about it.
Note that the gerund can be changed into the infinitive.
  • Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?
     When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. Instead of saying ‘That she was once a famous artist is true’, we may say, ‘It is true that she was once a famous artist’.
  • It does not matter whether he comes or not. ( Whether he comes or not does not matter.)
  • It is doubtful whether he can pay the dues. ( Whether he can pay the dues is doubtful.)
  • It cannot be denied that the doctors did their best to save his life. (That the doctors did their best to save his life cannot be denied.)
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